Hypertension check

 1. Physical examination

(1) Measure blood pressure correctly. Because blood pressure is fluctuating, and emotional and physical activity can cause temporary blood pressure rise, it should be at least 2 times when the blood pressure rises in the resting state of different days before the diagnosis of hypertension, and the blood pressure value should be Calculated as the average value of 3 consecutive measurements. Careful physical examination can help find clues to secondary hypertension and target organ damage

(2) Measure body mass index (bmi), waist circumference and hip circumference.

(3) Check the arterial pulsation and nervous system signs of the extremities, auscultate the carotid artery, thoracic aorta, abdominal artery and femoral artery for murmurs.

(4) Observe for the presence of Cushing's disease face, neurofibromatous skin spots, hyperthyroidism exophthalmos, or lower extremity edema.

(5) Comprehensive cardiopulmonary examination.

(6) A comprehensive and detailed understanding of the patient's medical history.

2. Laboratory inspection

It can help determine the cause of hypertension and the functional status of target organs. Routine examination items include blood routine, urine routine (including protein, sugar and urine sediment microscopy), renal function, blood sugar, blood lipids, blood potassium, echocardiography, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, fundus, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, etc.

According to needs and conditions, the fundus and carotid ultrasound can be further checked. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring helps to determine the severity of blood pressure rise, understand the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, monitor blood pressure in the morning, guide antihypertensive treatment and evaluate the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs.