Introduction to Hypertension

 Hypertensive disease is a chronic disease characterized by continuous increase in arterial blood pressure, which often causes pathological changes in important organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys with corresponding consequences.

According to the blood pressure standard recommended by the World Health Organization (who), the systolic blood pressure of a normal adult should be less than or equal to 140mmHg (18.6kpa), and the diastolic blood pressure should be less than or equal to 90mmHg (12kpa). That is, the systolic blood pressure should be 141-159mmHg (18.9- 21.2kpa), the diastolic blood pressure is between 91-94mmHg (12.1-12.5kpa), which is the borderline hypertension.

When diagnosing hypertension, blood pressure must be measured multiple times. At least two consecutive diastolic blood pressures with an average value of 90mmHg (12.0kpa) or above can be diagnosed as hypertension. Patients with only one blood pressure increase cannot be diagnosed, but follow-up observation is required.

[High blood pressure in different groups]

Pediatric hypertension: primary hypertension is rare in children, accounting for about 20% to 30%, but it has increased in recent years; secondary hypertension is more frequent, accounting for about 65% to 80%. In children secondary In hypertension, kidney disease accounts for 79%,

Hypertension is followed by cardiovascular disease, endocrine disease, nervous system disease and poisoning.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension: Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, also known as pregnancy poisoning, preeclampsia, etc., is a peculiar disease of pregnant women. Most of them occur at 20 weeks of pregnancy and two weeks after delivery, accounting for about 5% of all pregnant women.

Elderly systolic hypertension: refers to the systolic blood pressure of the elderly over 60 years old is higher than the normal level and the diastolic blood pressure is normal. It is an independent type of disease and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke in the elderly. An important disease of human health.

[Primary and secondary hypertension]:

Essential hypertension: Hypertension can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary. In the vast majority of patients, the cause of hypertension is unknown, which is called essential hypertension, which accounts for more than 95% of the total hypertension.

Secondary hypertension: secondary to other diseases. The most common ones are caused by kidney and adrenal gland diseases, and endocrine hypertension.