Is it good to treat diabetes or to take insulin?

    Everyone's physical condition is different, and there will be differences in treatment options.

    For example, a patient can pass oral hypoglycemic drugs to interfere with blood sugar, and some people use insulin dose of blood sugar, still unstable. I have been choosing oral hypoglycemic drugs or is the distress of insulin.

    In fact, for the choice of oral medicines and insulin, the primary is still the treatment and role of the patient's treatment.

    The overall role of insulin is better than the hypoglycemic drug, after all, many insulin are insulin secretion of normal human body. But some people are worried about having certain dependence with insulins, and use it for a lifetime after using it.

    Saying insulin is not scientific, especially for initial patients, and uses suitable insulin solutions to strengthen treatment, and patients may have reversed, so it is necessary to use insulin therapy. But what treatment is to be used, still to be developed for the actual situation of the patient, and you must not blindly pick it.

    For patients with top type 2 diabetes, if the reason is that obesity is obese than other metabolic diseases, they can adjust their lifestyle to reduce weight, let blood sugar rehabilitate to normal. However, this must be further reviewed and diagnosed, and there must be insulin resistance in the patient, but also insulin function, the damage is too fierce.

    At present, in the treatment of diabetic surgery, a relatively wide gastric transduction surgery (metabolic correction surgery) is currently related to insulin resistance, the principle of hypoglycemic is also protruding insulin resistance in body surgery, thus achieving both weight loss and drop The purpose of sugar. However, there is not much patient in the case of surgical treatment.

    Regardless of the way, patients with diabetes must make blood sugar qualified. Which treatments, diet, exercise, drug treatment are still insulin, not only to take into account the patient's physical condition, but also considering the wishes of patients, and finally achieve the purpose of achieving blood sugar.

Fasting can eat and drink 14 kinds of food

    Let's talk about 14 foods that can be eaten while the fasting goes smoothly.

    It should be noted that in addition to drinking more water during fasting, other beverages will destroy the fasting.

    The following 14 foods have relatively little effect on fasting. Fasting is to reduce ketones, increase insulin, and so on.

    The most destructive fasting is refined sugar water compounds, sugar is a high-carb diet. Protein will also interrupt fasting, because protein will promote insulin, a large amount of protein will be converted into fuel. During fasting, after you finish exercising, drinking amino acid protein powder (BACC) will interrupt the fasting. Because of glucose, drinking collagen powder and bone soup will increase insulin.

    There are two things that do not stimulate insulin: fat and fiber. Fiber does not stimulate insulin. Eating green vegetables contains high fiber and low sugar, and does not stimulate insulin.

    If you eat a large portion of caloric food, it will stimulate insulin. Some foods do not stimulate insulin, and you maintain a ketogenic diet and fasting.

    1. MCT oil (coconut oil): It can be added to coffee in the morning, because MCT oil will accelerate the conversion into ketones, and the brain and heart use ketones as raw materials. MCT grease will keep you from being hungry for a long time.

    2. Coffee: Low calories will not interrupt fasting, coffee without sugar, you can add erythritol, stevia, monk fruit (monk fruit). Adding a little whole milk to coffee has little effect, so don’t worry. Coffee helps fasting and staying hungry.

    3. Exogenous ketones (exogenous): also called ketone salts, tired and confused during fasting, eat ketone salts, which can be absorbed quickly for the brain. When the brain is in glucose or ketones, ketones will be preferred. Those who have not entered into ketogenesis may suffer from low blood sugar, chaos in the brain, and fatigue. Give the brain ketones, which will be quickly absorbed by the brain and converted into brain energy to help you get better during fasting. It is especially effective for brain fatigue or lethargy.

    4. Tea: It is very helpful to fast and last for a long time without being hungry. In particular, tea contains plant fiber and nutrients.

    5. Electrolytes: Drinking minerals has no calories, unless you drink the wrong brand of glucose, I don't recommend it. Electrolyte minerals and trace minerals are very effective in stabilizing blood sugar and muscle energy. Fasting will be easy.

    6. Probiotics: beneficial bacteria that stabilize blood sugar.

    7. Vitamin B group: Good resistance to insulin and increase vitality. In fasting or ketogenic diet, B group is necessary for cells.

    8. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) or kombucha tea: It is good for blood sugar and helps to stay away from eating for a long time. You can drink Kombucha tea, but there are too many sugars, you have to read the label first. It is okay to label 2 grams of sugar, but for some people, it will be too much, which is related to metabolism. Generally, kombucha tea has lower sugar than other teas, and is rich in probiotics and acid, which can help fasting for longer. Especially in the evening, I want to drink beer, wine, champagne. The texture of kombucha tea is similar to the carbonization effect, which is a good substitute.

    9. Fiber: It does not stimulate insulin, and it is microbial food. Microorganisms produce butyric acid, which is the same family as ketones, which helps stabilize blood sugar and improve insulin resistance. Drinking concentrated green fiber or wheatgrass juice can contain many nutrients. Drinking vegetable and fiber juice, fiber is microbial food, good for fasting, like drinking dehydrated vegetables, the stomach will be full.

    10. Erythryl sugar, stevia, Monk Fruit: Erythryl sugar can be added to coffee without affecting the glycemic index. The small intestine is absorbed into the blood and completely excreted by the kidneys. This sweetness is added to coffee or tea. can. Erythryl sugar, stevia and Luo Han Guo do not affect blood sugar.

    11. Lemon juice: There is a little carbohydrate, lemon juice and water will not affect the fasting effect, but also help to eliminate kidney stones, gout, and high uric acid.

    12. Amino acid lozenge: Protein can stimulate insulin, but the essential amino acids of some ketones are not to provide body fuel, mainly for body recovery. Take amino acid lozenges after exercise, and the effect of supplementing amino acids immediately is very good without stimulating insulin.

    13. Sea salt: It is very important. Pink salt from the Himalayas is recommended. The salt makes muscles stronger and enhances vitality. Salt deficiency can cause keto cold symptoms and fatigue, so sea salt helps energy.

    14. Water: I don't recommend drinking massive gallons of water, as long as you feel you drink enough water. However, people who are prone to fasting and calculi may have elevated uric acid and are prone to uric acid calculi. Drink enough water. Drink 2-2.5 liters of water a day. Dilute uric acid with water to avoid calculi. Drinking more water is very helpful. During the fasting process, hormones will fluctuate up and down, and you will be a little hungry, especially at 8 o'clock in the morning. When cortisol rises, you may feel you want to eat. As long as you ignore the short-term hunger, most of them will soon be hungry. If you are still hungry, eat. So after experiencing hunger, you will soon cease to be hungry. Realize that this is a hormonal change. Just ignore it and continue to fast.

Cerebral infarction is more and more like young people

    Cerebral infarction often occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, because with age, various functions of the body will decrease, blood vessels will gradually age, and it is easy to accumulate some lipids and metabolites, which is easy to form atherosclerosis and induce cerebral infarction And other vascular diseases. The disability and fatality rate of cerebral infarction is very high, which will bring a great burden to patients and families.

Why are cerebral infarctions getting younger and younger?

1. Frequent overeating: Excessive intake of foods that are not good for blood vessel health will increase the burden on blood vessels, increase the viscosity of blood, and affect the normal circulation of blood.

2. Long-term inactivity: sedentary in the office, lack of exercise, resulting in excessive weight. The blood flow rate is slow, causing various adverse symptoms.

3. Smoking and alcoholism: Hundreds of harmful substances in tobacco will accelerate the atherosclerosis of blood vessels, and excessive drinking and alcohol will increase the risk of liver disease and reduce the elasticity of blood vessels.

4. Sweets: Many people like to eat sweets. If too much sugar enters the body for digestion and metabolism, it will be converted into triglycerides, resulting in increased blood lipid levels, accelerating the formation of atherosclerosis, and clogging blood vessels for a long time. Induce cerebral infarction.

Before cerebral infarction, "unusual" symptoms

1. Unclear speaking, crooked mouth and eyes;

2. Severe headache and blurred vision;

3. Numbness, convulsions and pain in hands and feet;

How to prevent cerebral infarction

1. Increase drinking water

    Drink plenty of water to promote body metabolism and blood circulation. At the same time, eat some haiylene acid, which is an unsaturated fatty acid, which can emulsify excessive lipids in the blood and reduce its accumulation in the blood. It can also inhibit the rise of bad lipoproteins and help clear blood vessels. , To avoid clogging of blood vessels.

2. Develop good living habits

    People with hyperlipidemia and middle-aged and elderly people should have a light diet, less oil and less salt, increase the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, usually avoid staying up all night, develop a regular routine, and stay away from tobacco and alcohol, and stay optimistic. Positive attitude.

3. Keep exercising

    In the process of exercise, it will consume fat accumulated in the body, help reduce the accumulation of fat in the blood, and play a role in clearing blood vessels. It is recommended to do some exercises that suit you, such as yoga, jogging, swimming, etc. Exercises need long-term persistence to see the effect of lowering blood lipids.

Fasting to burn fatty liver

1. Diagnose fatty liver

Q: Can fasting play an important role in fatty liver?

Answer: Yes, it is important, it is the most able to deal with fatty liver.

    Example: There are 5 patients with fat belly, go to ultrasound to check fatty liver, 5 people have fatty liver.

    If you want to know if you have fatty liver, if you look down, if you have a fat belly, it means you have fatty liver. You can do a biopsy or ultrasound.

2. Causes of fatty liver formation

    More than half of Americans have fatty liver, most of which are related to alcohol. The liver is filled with fat, and then, the fat will overflow into the surrounding and other organs. Some people have a fat lower abdomen, which means that fat overflows from the liver. Fat belly and fatty liver are caused by sugar or refined carbohydrates, such as bread, noodles, cereals, biscuits and the like.

3. Glucose and fructose

    Eat beet sugar or sucrose, which contains half of glucose and half of fructose.

    Some people say: Fructose does not stimulate blood sugar and insulin. Because many people don't understand.

    Assuming that cells weighing 190 pounds, 190 pounds can metabolize glucose, and only the liver can metabolize fructose. The liver is about 3 pounds. If the liver is not good, it is difficult to metabolize fructose.

    Eating glucose allows the cells of the whole body to divide their work. Only the liver can process fructose, which indirectly leads to an increase in insulin, causing insulin resistance, which is converted into triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat into the liver. The effect of fructose on the liver is very similar to that of alcohol.

    High-fructose corn syrup (High-fructose corn syrup) is half fructose and half glucose. High fructose syrup comes from corn, which quickly turns into fat after eating, putting a lot of pressure on the liver. It is the basic reformed corn, which has herbicides, which brings different levels of problems to the liver.

    Fruit juice has a lot of fructose, and 90% of agave syrup is fructose. These sugars, especially fructose, cause fatty liver.

    On average, 10% of American calories come from fructose, and Europeans consume 44 pounds (20 kg) of fructose every year.

4. The best treatment of fatty liver is to use the "countercurrent" method.

    Eating sugar stimulates insulin, as well as the burden of metabolizing fructose. Insulin is an energy storage hormone.

    Do the opposite for fatty liver, fasting to release liver energy.

    Fasting for 20 hours with a 4 hour interval between meals has a very good effect on the liver. After that, take one meal a day and fast for 23 hours is better. If you want to lose weight significantly, the longer you fast, the better. Supplementing nutrients during fasting can enhance the benefits of fasting. Fasting for a few weeks begins to produce ketones, which makes it easier to fast and will not be hungry.

    The biggest principle: Don't be hungry, don't eat. If you can fast for two days, be sure to add nutrients. The longer the fast, the faster the fatty liver will be removed. The body burns fat. When the liver fat disappears, it burns the fat around the organs, and the fat belly gradually becomes smaller. If the fat belly becomes smaller too slowly, because the fatty liver is still being removed, you can't see it.

5. Accelerate fat burning

    Eating choline can speed up the fat burning of the liver. It can be eaten in powder form.

    To eat choline, you must also eat nutritional yeast and supplement B vitamins. Choline is a type of vitamin B. Only choline will cause nutritional imbalance. Eating a whole vitamin B complex is good for the liver.

    Exercise moderately to accelerate fat burning.

    Refined choline helps the gallbladder and liver, and choline breaks down fat.

    Insufficient choline can cause more severe fatty liver.

The easiest way to live a healthy life

    Most people on the earth are unhealthy, it's just that we simply don't understand some simple things. These simple things can easily be taught and spread in the world and shared with people all over the world. What can make us healthier?

    Once a young doctor asked his boss that he had some questions about the diagnosis of a patient.

    His boss responded: nervousness and vomiting, right?

    Yes, but I can't find any medical reasons in him, why does he do this.

    So the boss suggested: Do you ask him if he plays golf? If so, tell him to stop. If not, ask him to play and he will be fine. That's how health is.

    Some people overwork, which will affect their health. Most people nowadays get sick because of insufficient activity. If you lived two hundred years ago, on a physical level, you would do at least 20 times more activities than you do now.

    You can walk more on foot, and then you will use your hands to do everything, and you will do at least 20 times or even 100 times more labor or more than you do now.

    So if you overwork, take a break. But now, the body is not used much anymore. Only by using this body can you take good care of it. The more you use it, the better it will become.

    Regarding health, one of the easiest ways is to use your body.

    If you make full use of your body, your body has everything it needs to create health for yourself.

    Does that mean that this is enough? Is there nothing wrong with the body?

    If we use our body as much as possible, 80% of diseases will disappear, and 10% of the remaining 20% ​​are due to what we eat.

    If people change their eating habits, the other 10% will disappear. This means that there are only 10% of diseases left in the world, and these 10% of diseases are related to many factors. One is your karma, the other can be environmental factors, and there are other factors that can play a role in your system, and we can handle all of these.

    Among all patients, if 90% of people can become healthy through more use of their bodies and by eating the right foods, the remaining 10% will be easy to handle.

    But the large number of diseases nowadays is because we don't eat the right food, or we eat the right food, but we don't use the body properly. There are other factors in life.

    Simply put, when you exercise, if you just stretch your fingers a thousand times a day, your hands will move very well after a month. If your head also does this exercise, it will become abnormally good within a month. If your mind also has such a movement, it will also become exceptionally good. If your life energy does the same, it will also become very good. When all this is working well, this is health.

    Health is not something you invented. Health is not your idea. Health is a good life. When life progresses well, it is healthy.

    This is not your thoughts or my thoughts. We now seem to turn health into our thoughts, just as health was created by us, and we did not create any health.

    If we really create something, it is that we have created unhealthy.

    Health is about the way of life. If you allow life to operate 100%, this is health.

    You just need to use your body, use your mind and your energy. If these three things are fully exercised and balanced, you will be healthy.

    We are all enjoying all kinds of gadgets now. If you add activities to your life, body, spirit and energy, health will come uninvited.

    Your body is functioning well, your mind is functioning well, and your energy supports both to ensure that nothing goes wrong. This is health.

    Life flows completely, this is health.

    Health is not an idea, it is not a medical idea.

    Medical organization and medical knowledge are becoming more and more important, because we have established a very unhealthy lifestyle. In history, medicine has never been emphasized as much as it is now.

    Just because we are becoming more and more sedentary and not exercising, we are becoming more and more unhealthy.

    We may live longer and longer, just because of over-care and you can live for 20 years with a throat in the hospital. Otherwise, nature has its own methods and natural selections.

    Healthy lives will be chosen to live, and those who are unhealthy can only pass away.

    But today we turn life into another model, we can't go back to the old model, but this does not mean that we need to become like sixty when we are twenty. Many twenty-year-olds are now unable to work as well as the sixty-year-olds before.

    A hundred years ago, a sixty-year-old man did physical activity, and now a twenty-year-old man can't do that level of physical activity. This means that we are weakening humans, and over time, we will become degraded humans.

    Life lies in exercise, I hope everyone can become healthier! 

Are men prone to kidney stones?

    Many people have bad habits in life, such as drinking coffee, drinking strong tea, eating high-protein foods, sitting for a long time, not exercising, drinking less water, staying up late and so on. These habits can easily cause kidney stones. Many people don't know much about kidney stones. Even if they have symptoms of physical discomfort, they rarely think of kidney stones.

What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

1. Hematuria

    Hematuria is a common symptom of kidney stones. Because the stones repeatedly rub the kidneys in the body, bleeding occurs. The blood is discharged from the body with the urine, the color will appear red or brown, and some people will also discharge sand and stones, accompanied by obvious pain. When this happens, we must pay attention to it, go to a regular hospital for examination in time, and achieve early detection and early treatment.

2. Lower back pain

    The early symptoms of kidney stones are a dull pain in the waist. Many people think that it is because of their overwork, but it is actually caused by the stones irritating the kidneys. If the lumbar cramps are accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pale complexion, pain or even dysuria during urination, it is likely that the stone blocks the renal pelvis or ureter. This symptom is more obvious, and the patient can feel it a little bit more carefully.

3. Fever

    Kidney stones can easily lead to infections of the kidneys and urinary system, causing fever, usually high fever above 38 degrees. If there are symptoms of backache and backache accompanied by high fever, it is necessary to suspect whether it is caused by kidney stones and seek medical treatment in time. In addition, kidney stones can also produce bacteria. When the stones hinder the excretion of urine, the bacteria will not be excreted in time, which may cause sepsis and endanger life.

4. Urine is hot, muddy, and smelly

    When the stone passes through the ureter and bladder, it will cause friction and cause a burning sensation. When the fragments of the stone are discharged from the body, the urine becomes cloudy. This symptom is visible to the naked eye. The strong smell is caused by infection of the urinary system, and it will have a strong smell.

5. Hydronephrosis

    Kidney stones can cause hydronephrosis. If the stone blocks the renal pelvis and ureter, the man will have a feeling of poor bowel movements. Some patients with hydronephrosis will not have any physical abnormalities, but if it is allowed to develop, uremia may occur.

    Reminder: Kidney stones are very harmful to the human body. Know more about the disease in order to better prevent and restore it. While treating kidney stones, do not take a large amount of high-protein, oxalic acid, and purine foods, and reduce the intake of sodium and salt. Excessive sodium salt can form stones. Drink plenty of water, such as lemonade, to help dissolve stones in the body.

Kidney stones do not need surgery to discharge the stones!

    Kidney stones are related to the usual bad eating habits and lifestyle. Symptoms are pain, frequent urination and urgency.

    Usually smaller stones can be discharged through physical methods. Sometimes, drink plenty of water, exercise more, etc., the sticking stones need to be removed by surgery.

Causes of kidney stones

1. Improper diet

    Frequent consumption of high-fat, high-purity purine and high-protein foods can easily lead to excessive accumulation of oxalate in the body and easy formation of kidney stones. In addition, excessive intake of these foods is not good for the body and can easily cause other diseases. Pay attention Control the intake of these foods.

2. Too much food containing oxalic acid

    Excessive accumulation of oxalic acid in the body is prone to kidney stones. Foods such as potatoes and bamboo shoots contain a lot of oxalic acid. Excessive consumption will increase the risk of kidney stones. However, if you blanch the water before eating, you can reduce the oxalic acid content.

How to get rid of kidney stones

1. Exercise more

    Kidney stones can be discharged through exercise methods such as jumping. When the stones are very small, one more jump can promote the discharge, and exercise can also promote physical health and improve the ability of self-recovery.

2. Add more water

    Drinking water can promote the excretion of kidney stones. It is of great help to patients with kidney stones to insist on supplementing mineral water or boiled water every day. To prevent the occurrence of kidney stones, it is necessary to ensure that the daily urine output is within a reasonable range, so it is necessary to develop a good habit of drinking more water.

3. Control your diet

    Patients with kidney stones need to reduce their intake of high-purine, high-fecal, and high-protein foods, avoid eating foods with high oxalic acid content, and control the role of kidney stones no longer growing. Patients can eat more fruits with excessive water to help remove stones .

4. Reasonable massage

    Patients with kidney stones can improve their symptoms through local massage. Appropriate massage on the kidneys can effectively promote local circulation and promote the discharge of kidney stones.

5. Cooperate with taking stone removing drugs

    Patients with kidney stones need to choose drugs that can help to remove stones under the guidance of a doctor to improve their condition in a timely manner. Small stones can be removed by improving their diet, adhering to exercises and other methods together with drugs for removing stones.

How to quickly get rid of acne on the face

    The appearance of red and swollen acne on the face has a great impact on personal image. The acne on the face is caused by the existence of too many hormones in the body. Therefore, only the harmful substances in the body can be removed in time to maintain the beauty of the skin.

What should I do if I have acne on my face?

1. Get enough sleep

    The kidneys carry out self-detoxification every day, usually from 11 pm to 5 am the next morning. It is recommended to avoid staying up late in daily life. Staying up often will not only affect the mental condition, but also cause a lot of acne on the skin. Therefore, it is important to maintain adequate sleep.

2. Drink plenty of water to detoxify

    Drinking enough water can dilute the concentration of toxins, and the toxins in the body can be excreted through urine. In the morning, you should drink plain water on an empty stomach, and you should try to avoid holding back the number of urine.

3. Bad eating habits

    Cigarettes and alcohol have a certain degree of harm to the body, reducing the ability of internal organs to detoxify, leading to accumulation of toxins in the body and causing acne. If you regularly eat high-fat foods, it is easy to cause a lot of acne on the skin.

4. Pay attention to facial cleansing

    People with oily skin are more likely to have a lot of oil on the face than people with dry skin, so they are more likely to have a lot of acne. The face should be cleaned daily and the skin should be exfoliated regularly. Note that exfoliation should not be frequent, otherwise the stratum corneum of the skin surface will be damaged.

5. Exercise regularly

    Exercise can effectively improve the body's metabolism, make the skin better, and promote the metabolic function of the liver and other organs to a certain extent. In order to keep the skin young and effectively relieve the symptoms of aging, you can do more exercise.

    A lot of acne appears on the face, it is necessary to pay attention to it. During the acne period, you should develop good habits and try to avoid touching your face with your hands.

What should I do if my mouth ulcers are sore?

    Oral ulcers are a common problem. When oral ulcers occur, pain symptoms are the most typical situation, and the pain often affects the patient's eating and speaking, and sometimes the pain will appear for a long time. When a mouth ulcer is found, it is necessary to deal with the ulcer surface immediately, otherwise the painful symptoms will become more obvious after the ulcer surface enlarges.

How to relieve oral ulcers?

1. Control your diet

    First of all, avoid eating too irritating things. Some irritating foods or foods that taste too strong will irritate the local ulcers and cause painful symptoms. In addition, normal nutrition supplements and a balanced diet are needed to promote the body's partial repair.

2. Use vitamin C tablets

    Vitamin C has a good effect on the treatment of oral ulcers and can quickly solve the pain problem. In addition, the vitamin C powder applied to the ulcer surface will cause obvious pain in a short period of time, but after applying it, it can reduce the external stimulus received by the ulcer surface and relieve the pain from the onset of factors.

3. Do a good job of cleaning

    Because the mouth is exposed to many germs, pus spots often appear on the surface of the ulcer. If it is not cleaned in place, it can also cause local infection. Doing a good job of cleaning is a way to promote healing of the ulcer surface in addition to preventing infection.

4. Use drugs

    If the symptoms caused by oral ulcers are obvious and the pain persists for a long time, some drugs can be used to relieve the pain and strengthen the treatment effect. For example, oral analgesics can not only have an analgesic effect, but also help patients heal their wounds and avoid long-term irritation of the ulcer surface.

5. Partial cold compress

    When there is no pain medicine, a local cold compress can be used. Because local cold compresses can shrink the blood vessels on the ulcer surface, inflammation is not easy to continue to develop, and the pain will be significantly relieved. However, avoid using ice, because cold compressing the ulcer with ice will cause irritation to the ulcer, which may cause local mucosal or tissue damage. The use of cold water and cold compress in the early stage will have a better analgesic effect.

Uremic heart disease

 

    Uremia patients develop to an advanced stage, and the patient's heart will develop uremia heart disease.

    Uremic heart disease is a syndrome caused by many reasons. The factors that cause myocardial damage can exist alone or in combination.

    Due to the retention of water and sodium in the patient's body, extracellular fluids, especially intravascular fluids, increase, which leads to overload of heart volume, enlargement of the heart, and increased cardiothoracic ratio, which is particularly prone to heart failure and other problems.

Dietary considerations for patients with nephritis

    1. Restriction of sodium is very important for patients with nephritis, and some mild patients can get better through dietary adjustments.

    2. China's healthy diet requires that the daily intake of sodium salt per person is less than 6g, which may be more stringent for patients with nephritis. For example, patients with severe edema require less than 1g, and general hypertension is less than 3g.

    3. Patients can choose different tools to control their sodium intake, such as small balances and salt spoons.

    4. Prohibit food, try to avoid pickled food, such as salted eggs, salted duck eggs, pickles, etc.

    5. Foods that are suitable for eating, it is best to choose meals cooked by yourself or your family, so that the amount of salt can be controlled freely; or choose foods with obvious natural taste such as leeks, celery, onions, etc., because the natural taste of food is good.

did not sleep well?

 did not sleep well? ! This habit is adjusted and sleeps easily

    Poor living habits are a potential killer that endangers healthy sleep. Developing good sleep habits can not only stabilize sleep, but also increase the energy and vitality during the day. If you are troubled by poor sleep, try adjusting your sleep habits. 

Adjust sleep environment

01. lighting

    The interior should be dim, avoid bright lights.

02. temperature

    Keep the bedroom temperature set at 18°C～23°C. If necessary, you can use the air conditioner appropriately, or open the bedroom windows to cool down.

03. Avoid noise

    Keep the bedroom environment quiet. If there is unavoidable noise outside, you can install soundproof windows or other soundproofing equipment in the bedroom to ensure that the sleeping environment is quiet.

You can also play soothing music, or turn on an electric fan to generate background sounds to reduce the impact of noise.

04. diet

    Avoid drinking alcohol, caffeine, tea or other refreshing beverages 4-6 hours before going to bed, avoid eating a lot of food 3 hours before going to bed. 

    Although alcohol has the effect of temporarily helping you fall asleep, it has the rebound effect of interrupting sleep after the body is metabolized.

Adjust sleep time

    01. Fixed work and rest time. It is recommended to go to bed at 23:00 and sleep for 7-8 hours, not more than 9 hours. 

    02. If you can't fall asleep after more than 20 minutes in bed, you can get up and leave the bedroom, take a walk, read some books, etc., and fall asleep when you feel sleepy. Avoid playing mobile phones, computers and watching TV before going to bed. 

    03. Maintain a fixed life schedule during workdays and holidays, avoid lying in bed in the morning, taking naps at will, and avoid restoring sleep on holidays.

Regulate biological rhythm

    01. When sleeping, control the light in the bedroom to avoid too bright indoor luminosity. If you wake up the next morning in poor spirits, you can open the curtains and blinds before going to bed to let the sun wake up your biological clock.

    02. Night shift workers can wear sunglasses when they go home in the morning to avoid the negative impact of morning light on daytime sleep, and keep the bedroom dim when they fall asleep.

    03. The working environment should be bright.

Regular exercise

    Exercise 3 days a week, at least 30 minutes a day. Daytime exercise can help improve your spirit during the day and improve sleep quality at night, but avoid doing exercise 3 hours before bedtime.

Nap Nap

    A healthy nap is best for 15-30 minutes. If it exceeds 30 minutes, the body will enter a deep sleep period that is not easy to wake up, which will easily disrupt the biological clock and affect normal sleep at night.

    Reminder: Sleep is a natural thing. Trying or forcing yourself to fall asleep can only make you sleepless. Managing your sleep habits is the most important thing.

What are the benefits of drinking tea?

What are the benefits of drinking tea?

    Tea polyphenols is a general term for polyphenols in tea, and it is one of the main components that form the color and fragrance of tea.

    There are catechins in green tea, and theaflavins and thearubicins in black tea.

    Tea polyphenols are easy to dissolve in hot water, which can make tea have antioxidant properties, enhance capillary activity, and inhibit atherosclerosis;

    Theophylline is an important flavor substance in tea. For example, caffeine can excite the central nervous system, improve work efficiency, increase muscle strength, eliminate fatigue, diuresis and excretion, and stimulate gastric secretion. This is also an important substance that can increase appetite, relieve greasiness and promote digestion by drinking tea;

    Tea contains a variety of vitamins, but the content is not much, so hope to supplement vitamins by drinking tea is limited.

What are the misunderstandings?

    If the tea is brewed too thickly, too much caffeine will be dissolved, which can easily cause insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia, arrhythmia, etc.;

    Tea is brewed with boiling water. Many people can't wait for the temperature of the tea to drop. This will undoubtedly cause heat damage to the esophageal mucosa. If this continues, the risk of cancer will be very high;

    Drunkenness is mainly caused by excessive alcohol semi-metabolite acetaldehyde. The only way to hangover is to improve liver metabolism, but tea has no hangover effect;

    If tea is taken with certain medicines, it may produce some undesirable chemical reactions, which will affect the efficacy of the medicine and even endanger the health of the body.

Is black tea better or green tea better?

    The production process of black tea and green tea is different. Green tea preserves the original appearance of tea, while black tea is specially fermented for tea.

    Generally speaking, black tea and green tea are suitable for different people from the perspective of health preservation.

    People with poor stomach and intestines are suitable to drink black tea, because black tea is less irritating after fermentation, while the unfermented green tea will stimulate and damage the gastric mucosa;

    Since green tea retains the original appearance of tea, more active substances in it have the benefits of sterilization and anti-oxidation.

5 benefits of proper drinking

    Drinking is not good for the body at all, so why do we still drink? It's actually warm and hospitable, something happy happens, a gathering of friends, and so on. In fact, drinking in moderation is still good for our body!

    1. Soothe the nerves, help sleep, and invigorate the stomach: the composition of liquor is more complex, many of which are necessary for human health. Friends with insomnia drink a small amount of liquor before going to bed, which can calm the nerves and help sleep, and it can also stimulate The secretion of gastric juice and saliva plays a role in strengthening the stomach.

    2. Ventilation to dispel cold, relax muscles and promote blood circulation, and eliminate fatigue: Drinking liquor in a moderate amount has the advantages of ventilation, relieve muscles and invigorate blood circulation, eliminate fatigue, and cultivate sentiment!

    3. Prevent cardiovascular disease: Drinking a small amount of low-alcohol liquor can dilate small blood vessels, reduce the sugar content in the blood, promote blood circulation, delay the deposition of cholesterol and other lipids on the blood vessel wall, which is beneficial to the circulatory system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems . Men over 35 years old and women who have passed menopause drink a small glass of white wine every other day, which has a certain auxiliary effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 

    4. Enhance heart function: In addition to congenital factors, when a person reaches a certain age, the first condition in the body is the heart. It is very necessary to go to the hospital for physical examination on a regular basis. If people like to drink, don't drink a lot, drink appropriately. Because it can enhance the function of the heart, making the heart slow and powerful. 

    5. Enhance the secretory function of the digestive glands: more than 50% of the population suffer from different degrees of gastric diseases. When symptoms of stomach discomfort appear, most of them are weakened in digestion and appetite. Drinking can enhance the secretory function of the digestive glands, promote regular gastrointestinal peristalsis, and increase appetite. 

This fruit can reduce colon cancer

    Passion fruit is a very common fruit. Passion fruit has the effect of beautifying the skin and improving immunity. There are many ways to eat passion fruit, and each one is very delicious. Do you know any taboos for eating passion fruit? 

Passion fruit effect

1. Beauty

    It is easy to feel full after eating, reduce the absorption of other high-metabolic foods, and help people improve the structure of nutrient absorption. Among them, it is rich in vitamin C, which has the effects of beautifying and anti-aging.

2. Promote metabolism and reduce colon cancer

    Eating passion fruit regularly can prevent colon cancer. Passion fruit contains ultra-fiber, which can promote excretion and relieve symptoms of constipation. Morbidity. Super fiber also has anti-tumor activity.

3. Shengjin moisturizing throat

    Passion fruit tastes sweet and sour. It can also clear away heat and detoxify, promote body fluid and quench thirst, and treat symptoms such as dry throat and hoarseness.

4. Anti-cancer and anti-cancer

    Passion fruit is an ideal fruit for anti-cancer and anti-cancer.

5. Improve immunity

    Passion fruit is rich in vitamins, ultra-fiber and protein, and hundreds of elements that are very beneficial to the human body, and the taste and fragrance are beautiful to the extreme, which can enhance the body's resistance and improve immunity. For physical development and growth.

6. Effectively soothe the nerves

    Passion fruit flavors the scent of 165 kinds of fruits such as pineapple, banana, strawberry, apple, sour plum, mango, etc., so the phenol component caused by it has a good soothing effect. So it can be used to treat insomnia.

7. Deep clean up the stomach and intestines

    The ultra-fiber of passion fruit can penetrate into the subtle parts of the stomach and intestines, absorb harmful substances in the body through its active genes, and completely discharge them, and improve the internal flora composition, protect the stomach and intestines from absorbing harmful substances, and inhibit harmful microorganisms in digestion. The combination of the two has a significant effect on eliminating toxins in the body, clearing the intestines and strengthening the stomach, improving the body's nutrient absorption function, and has a special elimination effect on colitis, gastroenteritis, and hemorrhoids.

The Taboo of Passion Fruit

    1. People with deficiency of the spleen and stomach: regular eating will cause certain damage to the gastric mucosa, and it is easy to get stomach problems for a long time, so people with a bad stomach should not eat passion fruit.

    2. Passion fruit allergy: It must not be eaten.

    3. Patients with severe oral and pharyngitis diseases: eat with caution, because passion fruit peel is a bit bitter and acidic, which can cause food reflux.

    4. Patients suffering from diabetes insipidus, dwarfism, endocrine syndrome, male reproductive diseases, female gynecological diseases, etc. should be cautious to consume. Passion fruit peel contains a large amount of dietary fiber which will accelerate excretion.

    5. Patients who are taking medicine should be cautious in taking it, because it will enhance the effect of the medicine and thin the blood.

    6. Others: People with mothers and infants, chronic illnesses, physical weakness, physique tending to stagnation of qi, phlegm dampness, special nature, yang deficiency, and blood stasis should be cautious to eat.

Can eating more fish prevent cardiovascular disease?

 Can eating more fish prevent cardiovascular disease? Scientists teach you to eat fish correctly

Scientists often suggest that people can prevent cardiovascular disease by eating more fish. So, can eating more fish really prevent cardiovascular disease? How to eat to achieve the preventive effect?

As the saying goes, "Illnesses are caused by eating".

In fact, this principle perfectly "fits" most of the etiologies of cardiovascular diseases. This is because the body's organs and tissues need to maintain normal functions and cannot do without the nutrients and oxygen transported by the blood vessels, and the blood vessels themselves also need the support of nutrients. Therefore, in order to have soft, strong and unobstructed blood vessels, diet is essential. And learning to eat means learning to manage your blood vessels. The phrase "what you eat is what you eat" is also suitable for blood vessels.

image 1: The effect of high-fat and low-fat diets on cardiometabolic risk factors

The secret of Eskimo’s "longevity"

In the North Atlantic, the environment is harsh and a group of mysterious Eskimos live. There is snow and ice all year round, and there is no food and fruits. They live only by hunting and fishing, but they are very healthy. They are the people with the longest average life expectancy.

Why is that?

Back in the twentieth century, the Eskimos (ie Inuit) at that time were still a relatively primitive society, and they mainly depended on animal hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. However, an American study found that in the age group of 45 to 64, the rate of death of Eskimo male residents due to heart disease is 5.3%, while in the US the same age group eats a completely different diet. Among them, the rate of death due to coronary heart disease reached 40%. Countless scholars are amazed at this phenomenon of individual differences, but no one can find the answer2. 

This mysterious phenomenon finally attracted the attention of American scientists. They wanted to figure out a question: Why the eskimos in Iceland can eat high-fat food as they are called, but have the lowest in the world. Cardiovascular mortality?

image 2: Eskimo

Finally, a study based on the Eskimo population in the late 1960s found that the incidence of myocardial infarction among the locals was very low, which was related to the unique diet of the locals. Eskimos take deep-sea fish as their main food, which contains a lot of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as Omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are necessary for the normal development and maintenance of the human body, and this molecule is closely related to human health.

Over the years, numerous studies have shown that Omega-3 fatty acids have obvious effects on preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, many dietary patterns have added them to dietary supplement formulations. Even scientists often suggest that people can prevent cardiovascular disease by eating more fish.

So, can eating more fish really prevent cardiovascular disease? How to eat to achieve the preventive effect?

A study of 420,000 people confirms that eating fish is really healthier

In December 2020, an article published in the journal EHJ, this study compares people with different diets (including vegetarians, fish eaters, carnivores, fish and poultry mixed eaters) cardiovascular disease (CVD) The incidence and risk of death, a study of more than 420,000 people provided us with a dietary option to reduce cardiovascular disease.

image 3:Vegetarians, fish, poultry, and meat-eaters: who has higher risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality? A prospective study from UK Biobank

The study found that all fish-eaters have a low incidence of cardiovascular disease, and vegetarians only have health benefits in the comprehensive cardiovascular disease index. Finally, after analyzing the death results, no association was found between the risk of cardiovascular disease and dietary preferences for the other two types of diets.

image 4: Main research results

Compared with meat eaters, fish eaters have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Among them, the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) decreased by 30% (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56-0.88); the incidence of heart failure (HF) decreased by 22% (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63-0.97) ); the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.88) and stroke (stroke) (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.98) was reduced by 21%; The risk of CVD is reduced by 7% (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97).

In short, eating more fish is good for cardiovascular health. But how should fish be eaten? How many meals do you eat a day?

Two servings of "oily fish" a week can prevent recurrent heart disease

People often think that eating fish is good for our health. Which fish is best for us? On March 8, 2021, a new study published in a JAMA sub-journal answered this question.

image 5: Associations of Fish Consumption With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Among Individuals With or Without Vascular Disease From 58 Countries

Researchers from McMaster University analyzed 4 research data from nearly 192,000 people on five continents. It can be said that this is part of the global fishery absorption and health results. The most researchers from the data It was found that eating salmon, parasitic fish, tuna, sardines and other oily fish may have a protective effect on heart health.

image 6: Average level of cardiovascular risk markers calculated by fish intake in a prospective urban and rural epidemiology (PURE) trial (n = 147 541)

Studies have found that the key ingredient in oily fish that plays a preventive role is Omega-3 fatty acids. High-risk groups consume two servings of fish rich in Omega-3 fatty acids a week, their major cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes] The risk of the event has been reduced by approximately 1/6.

On the other hand, eating fish has a significant protective effect on patients with cardiovascular disease, but no benefits have been found for people without heart disease/stroke; eating fish rich in Omega-3 fatty acids can make people with low cardiovascular disease risk To a certain extent, "moderate protection" can be obtained to achieve the effect of preventing cardiovascular disease, but its health benefits are not as obvious as those of people at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

In any case, the research has important implications for global fish intake guidelines. At the same time, the study found that increased intake of fish (especially oily fish) may bring certain benefits to the cardiovascular of vascular patients.

Write at the end

Omega-3 fatty acids rich in fish can reduce the risk of abnormal heartbeat, reduce fat in the blood, and reduce the accumulation of clogged arteries (the well-known plaque and mild hypotension). However, we still need to be vigilant. Due to deep-sea pollution, most seafood contains mercury, but most of it is concentrated in large fish, such as sharks, swordfish, square-headed fish, king mackerel, short tuna, sailfish and orange spines. Seabream, so the use of fish still requires caution. At the same time, experts believe that the way of eating fish is also very important. Different studies have clearly shown that when the same fish is "fried", its beneficial effects disappear when compared with the cooking method of steaming. 

Cancer vaccines and T cells become "relatives"?

 Speaking of vaccines, everyone may first think of hepatitis vaccines, encephalitis vaccines, rabies vaccines, and so on. Unlike vaccines that prevent infection, cancer vaccines are an immunotherapy that can eliminate cancer cells. This vaccine can train immune cells, or T cells, to better recognize cancer and eliminate it, while preserving healthy cells in the body. A new small study shows that individualized "cancer vaccines" may help prevent melanoma cells from growing in a few years.

Why is it so magical? The author of the study explained, "The only thing that can happen is that the tumor cells are actually killed." It is speculated that This is the T cell induced by the vaccine to play this role. 

Cancer vaccine "turned out"

The new study, published in the journal Nature Medicine on January 21, focuses on patients with advanced melanoma who have recently undergone surgery. The research team took samples from the tumors removed from the patients and used them to make individualized vaccines for 8 patients.

By detecting RNA, the research team predicted which unique proteins will be formed in different cancer cells. These proteins are called neoantigens and are like a red flag to the immune system.  The final vaccine contains fragments of these new antigens so that the patient’s immune cells can know what they look like and track the cancer.

Eight patients received individualized vaccination about 4 months after the operation, and the team collected safety data for the next few years. The author noted that the patient experienced only mild side effects such as fatigue and flu-like symptoms. The team also collected blood samples at several points during the trial, with a median time of four years after vaccination, to detect the patient's T cell response.

In this study, the scientists found that Once the tumor cells are killed, they will break down and overflow the substances. At this time, the "smart" T cells will "pounce" over to detect these residues, and This information is "recorded" for future attacks, and over time, they will even learn to identify more proteins associated with melanoma.

Cancer vaccines can continue to trigger an immune response

The author added that although the results of the study are promising, only 8 patients were included in this study, and more trials are needed to determine how effective the vaccine is. However, so far, limited data indicate that vaccine can trigger a sustained immune response and help control cancer, especially when combined with other immunotherapies.  Study author Dr. Patrick Ott said, “What is really striking is the persistence of the response. In all patients receiving treatment, a sustained response can be observed several years later.”

At the end of the 4-year follow-up period, all 8 patients had survived, and 6 of them showed no signs of disease activity. In other words, some people experienced cancer recurrence early in the study and received additional treatment.

"From the very beginning, we assumed that vaccines are a very important adjuvant therapy, which can be used in combination with other powerful drugs." The author of the study admitted frankly that no one expects vaccines alone to completely eliminate cancer in patients. As several patients received other treatments during the trial, they paid special attention to the effects of cancer vaccines.

Large-scale experiments to explore specific mechanisms

Does it amplify or weaken these treatments? The study found that two patients who received additional treatment performed outstandingly. In both cases, the cancer cells have spread to the lungs, and they received an immune checkpoint inhibitor, which basically cuts off the "brake" of T cells to help enhance their activity. With vaccines and checkpoint blockade drugs in their system, the detectable cancers of these two patients were quickly eliminated.

In general, only a small percentage of melanoma patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines can improve the efficacy of these drugs, so new clinical trials add to this evidence.  However, a well-known scholar who was not involved in the study said that this finding should be confirmed in a larger clinical trial.

Theoretically, patients can be vaccinated to prepare their immune systems to respond and drive T cells to attack the cancer site. "Nature News" reported that although it is not clear why some patients alone do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, evidence shows that immune checkpoint inhibitors work best when T cells are already at the tumor site.

The study authors pointed out that vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors can also be "combined" with various adjuvants (substances that can stimulate a strong immune response) and substances that support the survival of T cells. Of course, before this future becomes a reality, more experiments are needed. For example, future experiments will require a control group and also need to figure out which T cell responses are associated with long-term positive results, he added.

How to check for stomach cancer

 For gastric cancer, do you know how to diagnose and check it?

Today, the editor sorts out four methods to check for gastric cancer. I hope you will understand it well, and I believe it will be helpful to everyone's treatment.

How to check for gastric cancer? What are the symptoms of gastric cancer? How to treat gastric cancer?

　　 [Method of gastric cancer examination]

　　 Gastroscopy: This method can detect early gastric cancer. By identifying benign and malignant ulcers, it can determine the type of gastric cancer and the range of lesion infiltration, and it can be used for follow-up examination of precancerous lesions. Regular gastroscopy follow-up examinations and monitoring of patients with precancerous lesions have certain significance.

　　CT examination: This examination method can show the extent of accumulation of gastric cancer into and out of the cavity of the stomach. And it can clearly show whether gastric cancer has metastasized.

　　 X-ray examination: Early gastric cancer refers to the tumor confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of its size or lymph node metastasis. The line adjustment of the double-contrast gastric hypotonia examination combined with fiber gastroscopy is of great value in the detection of early gastric cancer. The line regulation performance of advanced gastric cancer is closely related to the gross pathological classification. Special X-ray manifestations of different parts of gastric cancer and gastric ulcer cancer.

　　 Endoscopic ultrasound examination: This examination method is also a commonly used method in the clinical examination of gastric cancer. The examiner can directly see the various layers of the gastric wall and understand the full picture of the tumor, which is helpful for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and TNM staging.

　　[Symptoms of stomach cancer]

　　 Ovarian metastasis: Also metastasis obviously refers to female patients with gastric cancer. This metastasis mostly occurs in premenopausal or young women. The clinical manifestations are mostly acute abdominal pain, irregular menstruation, masses in the lower abdomen, etc., but the gastrointestinal symptoms are not obvious. Most of the ovaries on both sides are affected at the same time, which is easy to be misdiagnosed as simple ovarian tumor.

　　 Liver metastasis: The chance of this metastasis of gastric cancer is higher. The main symptoms are liver discomfort, jaundice, diarrhea, etc. Generally, there are no gastrointestinal symptoms. Imaging examinations are often multiple lesions, scattered in circles, with clear borders. The AFP test was negative, most of which were not accompanied by liver disease such as chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Abdominal mass: Once this kind of metastasis occurs in a patient with gastric cancer, the patient’s physical signs are very obvious as long as the manifestation is an invasion of the outer surface of the stomach (serous membrane), which is manifested as abdominal mass and swollen lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity. The surface (mucosa) is not invaded, so it is not easy to be found by the gastroscope. Often misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer.

　　[Stomach cancer treatment method]

　　Surgery treatment: For patients with early gastric cancer, doctors often choose surgery. However, the choice of surgical treatment is also prerequisite, and a series of examinations and condition analysis of patients with gastric cancer are required. If you think that surgery can be done, surgery is used. If it is not suitable, the doctor will study other methods.

　　Radiotherapy and chemotherapy: If gastric cancer reaches the advanced stage, it usually shows very prominent symptoms. For patients at this stage, because their cancer cells have metastasized, surgical resection has no obvious meaning. Doctors generally use radiotherapy, chemotherapy or traditional conservative treatments.

　　 Traditional Chinese medicine treatment: Some patients with advanced gastric cancer have extremely weak physical functions due to their physical fitness and deterioration of their condition. They cannot withstand the trauma caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and cannot tolerate huge drug reactions. In this case, doctors can consider choosing TCM conservative treatment.

Diagnosis and differentiation of hypertension

 According to the blood pressure standard recommended by the World Health Organization (who), the systolic blood pressure of a normal adult should be less than or equal to 140mmHg (18.6kpa), and the diastolic blood pressure should be less than or equal to 90mmHg (12kpa). That is, the systolic blood pressure should be 141-159mmHg (18.9- 21.2kpa), the diastolic blood pressure is between 91-94mmHg (12.1-12.5kpa), which is the borderline hypertension. When diagnosing hypertension, blood pressure must be measured multiple times. At least two consecutive diastolic blood pressures with an average value of 90mmHg (12.0kpa) or above can be diagnosed as hypertension. Patients with only one blood pressure increase cannot be diagnosed, but follow-up observation is required.

According to the difference in blood pressure, hypertension is divided into 3 levels:

Grade 1 hypertension (mild): systolic blood pressure 140~159mmHg; diastolic blood pressure 90~99mmHg.

Grade 2 hypertension (moderate): systolic blood pressure 160~179mmHg; diastolic blood pressure 100~109mmHg.

Grade 3 hypertension (severe): systolic blood pressure ≥180mmHg; diastolic blood pressure ≥110mmHg.

Isolated systolic hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg; diastolic blood pressure <900mmHg.

Stages of hypertension:

The first stage: blood pressure reaches the level of diagnosed hypertension, clinical carelessness, signs of brain and kidney damage.

Phase 2: People whose blood pressure has reached the level of confirmed hypertension and one of the following:

1. Physical examination, X-ray, ECG or echocardiogram showing left ventricle enlargement;

2. Fundus examination, general or local stenosis of fundus arteries;

3. The concentration of proteinuria or plasma creatinine is slightly increased.

The third stage: blood pressure reaches the level of confirmed hypertension, and one of the following:

1. Cerebral hemorrhage or hypertensive encephalopathy;

2. Heart failure;

3. Renal failure;

4. Fundus bleeding or oozing, with or without optic nerve head edema;

5. Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis.

Differential diagnosis

Primary hypertension, secondary hypertension, renovascular hypertension, white coat hypertension, and pregnancy-induced hypertension are differentiated.

Hypertension check

 1. Physical examination

(1) Measure blood pressure correctly. Because blood pressure is fluctuating, and emotional and physical activity can cause temporary blood pressure rise, it should be at least 2 times when the blood pressure rises in the resting state of different days before the diagnosis of hypertension, and the blood pressure value should be Calculated as the average value of 3 consecutive measurements. Careful physical examination can help find clues to secondary hypertension and target organ damage

(2) Measure body mass index (bmi), waist circumference and hip circumference.

(3) Check the arterial pulsation and nervous system signs of the extremities, auscultate the carotid artery, thoracic aorta, abdominal artery and femoral artery for murmurs.

(4) Observe for the presence of Cushing's disease face, neurofibromatous skin spots, hyperthyroidism exophthalmos, or lower extremity edema.

(5) Comprehensive cardiopulmonary examination.

(6) A comprehensive and detailed understanding of the patient's medical history.

2. Laboratory inspection

It can help determine the cause of hypertension and the functional status of target organs. Routine examination items include blood routine, urine routine (including protein, sugar and urine sediment microscopy), renal function, blood sugar, blood lipids, blood potassium, echocardiography, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, fundus, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, etc.

According to needs and conditions, the fundus and carotid ultrasound can be further checked. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring helps to determine the severity of blood pressure rise, understand the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, monitor blood pressure in the morning, guide antihypertensive treatment and evaluate the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs.

Hypertension symptoms

 According to the onset and the course of the disease, it can be divided into slow-moving type and rapid-moving type, with slow-moving type more common.

1. Progressive hypertension

1. Early manifestation: early symptoms are mostly asymptomatic, occasionally increased blood pressure during physical examination, or dizziness, headache, vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, fatigue, inattention, etc. symptoms may be senior Due to mental dysfunction, the blood pressure only temporarily rises in the early stage, and the blood pressure continues to rise as the disease progresses, and the organs are affected.

2. Brain manifestations: headaches and dizziness are common, mostly caused by emotional agitation, excessive fatigue, climate change or discontinuation of antihypertensive drugs, sudden increase in blood pressure, severe headache, visual disturbance, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, coma, one Transient hemiplegia, aphasia, etc.

3. Cardiac manifestations: In the early stage, the heart function is compensated and the symptoms are not obvious, and in the later stage, the heart function is decompensated and heart failure occurs.

4. Renal manifestations: long-term hypertension causes renal arteriole sclerosis. When renal function declines, it can cause nocturia, polyuria, urine protein, casts and red blood cells, low urine concentration, phenol red excretion and urea clearance disorders. There is azotemia and uremia.

5. Arterial changes.

6. Changes in the fundus.

2. Rapidly progressive hypertension

It is also called malignant hypertension, which accounts for 1% of hypertension. It can suddenly change from slow-moving type and can also onset. Malignant hypertension can occur at any age, but it is most common in 30-40 years old. Blood pressure rises significantly. High, diastolic blood pressure is more than 17.3kpa (130mmHg), symptoms such as fatigue, thirst, polyuria, rapid vision loss, retinal hemorrhage and oozing in the fundus, often bilateral optic nerve head edema, rapid proteinuria, hematuria And renal insufficiency, heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy and hypertensive crisis can also occur. The course of the disease progresses rapidly and most of them die from uremia.